AmirHoseyn Monazzami; Mahdi Shariati Feizabadi; Sadegh Ranjbar
Abstract
Religious and political challenges with Saudi Arabia in the last decade, followed by the burning of the Saudi embassy in Tehran, invited the sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to a new problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-diplomacy of Iranian football as a geopolitical challenge ...
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Religious and political challenges with Saudi Arabia in the last decade, followed by the burning of the Saudi embassy in Tehran, invited the sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to a new problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-diplomacy of Iranian football as a geopolitical challenge against Saudi Arabia. The present study was a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type of library studies in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection; The statistical population was equal to 54 works of international sports relations and in particular sports diplomacy in the Middle East region and the statistical sample was equal to the contents about Iranian football anti-diplomacy, soft power of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The findings of the present study showed that the national teams of Saudi Arabia and Iran, as the main players in the Arab world and the Middle East, respectively, have played a significant role in the development of football in this region and many Asian football achievements, including being on the championship platform in the Asian Champions League. And attending the FIFA World Cup has been the result of the two countries' attention to football as their most popular sport; Finally, football in the confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East can be a tool for convergence and as one of the basic geopolitical codes of the two countries, which with its soft nature can open a diplomatic path in re-examining the relations between the two countries.
Mahdi Shariati Feizabadi; AmirHoseyn Monazzami
Abstract
"War minus shooting" is a concept of public diplomacy in today's world; this concept is formed from three essential dimensions of art, education, and sport that the aim of this study was the explanation the place of sport in the development of public diplomacy as an empirical model; The methodology of ...
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"War minus shooting" is a concept of public diplomacy in today's world; this concept is formed from three essential dimensions of art, education, and sport that the aim of this study was the explanation the place of sport in the development of public diplomacy as an empirical model; The methodology of this study was applied based on evaluating more than 100 articles, books, notes, news, and more from 2015 to 2020. The findings of the study revealed 99 concepts related to sport in developing countries' general diplomatic interactions, which were categorized into three levels according to the experiences and opinions of experts. Given the levels of classification of sports diplomacy, it is the result of combining the concepts of bilateral diplomacy, multiple diplomacy, people to people diplomacy, soft and cultural diplomacy. According to the findings of sport research, because of its "appeal" and "effectiveness", its universal role has a significant role to play in strengthening public diplomacy in countries.